A new type of DNA chart introduced in Second Site presents data in a more intuitive viewing format than the usual grid. Below you'll find abbreviated DNA signatures overlaid on a traditional descendant chart built with traditional genealogical ("paper") evidence. This overlay chart includes calculated yDNA signatures for ancestors derived from the test results of their descendants.

For the MRCA (Most Recent Common Ancestor), a derived signature is often called a modal signature. This DNA Overlay Chart, however, does not derive DNA signatures using the statistical mode — i.e., it does not choose the values that occur the most frequently in the set of markers. Instead, it uses a "maximum parsimony" method described by Alvy Ray Smith. The rules are designed to choose marker values that would produce the observed test results of descendants via the minimum number of mutations.

The Second Site program which built this chart derives probable DNA signatures. It is possible for unlikely mutation sequences to occur, such as multiple mutations occurring in the same generation, which obscure the DNA signature of the father. All methods for deriving DNA signatures are subject to uncertainty, but the maximum parsimony method reduces the possibility that a bias in the test results (many people tested from one branch of the family) will unduly influence the derived DNA signature of the MRCA.

 

23,24,15,{15,16},17,19,15,{17,18},38,{38,39},{12,13},11,12
23,24,15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,11,12
23,24,15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,11,12
23,24,15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,11,12
John/5w Brooks
23,24,{15,15c},{15c,16},{17,17g},{19,19c},15,17,{37,38},38,12,11,{11,12}
Nathan/6w Brooks
23,24,{15,15c},{15c,16},{17,17g},{19,19c},15,17,{37,38},38,12,11,{11,12}
Rev. Cyrus/7w Brooks
23,24,15c,15c,17g,19c,15,17,38,38,12,11,11
Rev. Edward Coulson/8w Brooks
Edward Charles/9w Brooks
Edward Charles/10w Brooks
MOB 42857
23,24,15c,15c,17g,19c,15,17,38,38,12,11,11
Harrison/7w Brooks
23,24,15,16,17,19,15,17,37,38,12,11,12
Omar Harrison/8w Brooks
George Wright/9w Brooks
Ellis George/10w Brooks
LEB 81368
23,24,15,16,17,19,15,17,37,38,12,11,12
Jonathan/5w Brooks
23,24,15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,11,12
Nathan/6w Brooks
Dr. Jonathan Williams/7w Brooks
Jonathan Williams/8w Brooks
Hugh/9w Brooks
Hugh/10w Brooks
MDB 100257
23,24,15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,11,12
24,24,15,16,17,19,15,17,37,38,12,10,12
Timothy/6w Brooks
William McCobb/7w Brooks
William Thomas/8w Brooks
Lincoln/9w Brooks
Allision/10w Brooks
Richard Lincoln/11w Brooks
RoWB 196467
24,24,15,16,17,19,15,17,37,38,12,10,12
23,24,15,16,17,19,16,17,38,38,12,11,12
William/5w Brooks
William/6w Brooks
Lemuel Augustus/7w Brooks
Edwin Augustus/8w Brooks
Edwin (Ned) Deering/9w Brooks
Edwin Deering/10w Brooks
HLB 90157
23,24,15,16,17,19,16,17,38,38,12,11,12
23,23,15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,11,12
Pvt. Adonijah/5w Brooks
Adonijah/6w Brooks
James/7w Brooks
Richard Gates/8w Brooks
Levi Gates/9w Brooks
Richard William/10w Brooks
RiWB 195298
23,23,15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,11,12
23,24,15,15,17,19,15,18,38,39,13,11,12
Timothy/5w Brooks
Oliver/6w Brooks
Oliver J/7w Brooks
Almond/8w Brooks
Clarence Milford/9w Brooks
Walter Henry/10w Brooks
WHB 95962
23,24,15,15,17,19,15,18,38,39,13,11,12
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
1323141111141212121313291591011112415192915{15,16}1719111119231515{17,18}1738{38,39}{12,13}1211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923151517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923151517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923151517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
13231411111412121213132915910111124151929{15,15c}{15c,16}{17,17g}{19,19c}1111192315151717{37,38}3812121191516810108101012232316101212168{11,12}22201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1a2
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
1323141111141212121313291591011112415192915c15c17g19c11111923151517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681122201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1a2a1a1a
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923151517173738121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1a 2a1a1a4
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923151517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1a2
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132414111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923151517173738121210915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1a2
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923161517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1a2
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111231519291516171911111923151517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1a2a1a1a
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291515171911111923151518173839131211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
Male