These overlay charts include calculated yDNA signatures for ancestors derived from the test results of their descendants.

For the MRCA (Most Recent Common Ancestor), a derived signature is often called a modal signature. This DNA Overlay Chart, however, does not derive DNA signatures using the statistical mode — i.e., it does not choose the values that occur the most frequently in the set of markers. Instead, it uses a "maximum parsimony" method described by Alvy Ray Smith. The rules are designed to choose marker values that would produce the observed test results of descendants via the minimum number of mutations.

The Second Site program which built this chart derives probable DNA signatures. It is possible for unlikely mutation sequences to occur, such as multiple mutations occurring in the same generation, which obscure the DNA signature of the father. All methods for deriving DNA signatures are subject to uncertainty, but the maximum parsimony method reduces the possibility that a bias in the test results (many people tested from one branch of the family) will unduly influence the derived DNA signature of the MRCA.

 

15,{15,16},17,19,15,{17,18},38,{38,39},{12,13},12
15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,12
15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,12
15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,12
John/5w Brooks
{15,15c},{15c,16},{17,17g},{19,19c},15,17,{37,38},38,12,{11,12}
Nathan/6w Brooks
{15,15c},{15c,16},{17,17g},{19,19c},15,17,{37,38},38,12,{11,12}
Rev. Cyrus/7w Brooks
15c,15c,17g,19c,15,17,38,38,12,11
Rev. Edward Coulson/8w Brooks
Edward Charles/9w Brooks
Edward Charles/10w Brooks
Morris Oliver/11w Brooks
15c,15c,17g,19c,15,17,38,38,12,11
Harrison/7w Brooks
15,16,17,19,15,17,37,38,12,12
Omar Harrison/8w Brooks
George Wright/9w Brooks
Ellis George/10w Brooks
Lynn Ellis/11w Brooks
15,16,17,19,15,17,37,38,12,12
Jonathan/5w Brooks
15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,12
Nathan/6w Brooks
Dr. Jonathan Williams/7w Brooks
Jonathan Williams/8w Brooks
Hugh/9w Brooks
Hugh/10w Brooks
Michael Dyer/11w Brooks
15,16,17,19,15,17,38,38,12,12
15,16,17,19,16,17,38,38,12,12
William/5w Brooks
William/6w Brooks
Lemuel Augustus/7w Brooks
Edwin Augustus/8w Brooks
Edwin (Ned) Deering/9w Brooks
Edwin Deering/10w Brooks
Hooper Lawrence/11w Brooks
15,16,17,19,16,17,38,38,12,12
15,15,17,19,15,18,38,39,13,12
Timothy/5w Brooks
Oliver/6w Brooks
Oliver J/7w Brooks
Almond/8w Brooks
Clarence Milford/9w Brooks
Walter Henry/10w Brooks
William Henry/11w Brooks
15,15,17,19,15,18,38,39,13,12
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
1323141111141212121313291591011112415192915{15,16}1719111119231515{17,18}1738{38,39}{12,13}1211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923151517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923151517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
13231411111412121213132915910111124151929{15,15c}{15c,16}{17,17g}{19,19c}1111192315151717{37,38}3812121191516810108101012232316101212168{11,12}22201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1b2
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
1323141111141212121313291591011112415192915c15c17g19c11111923151517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681122201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1b2a1a
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923151517173738121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1b2a1a4
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923151517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1b2
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291516171911111923161517173838121211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
Haplogroup: R1b1b2a1a
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667
3
9
3
3
9
0
1
9
/
3
9
4
3
9
1
3
8
5
a
3
8
5
b
4
2
6
3
8
8
4
3
9
3
8
9
-
1
3
9
2
3
8
9
-
2
4
5
8
4
5
9
a
4
5
9
b
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
4
7
4
3
7
4
4
8
4
4
9
4
6
4
a
4
6
4
b
4
6
4
c
4
6
4
d
4
6
0
Y

G
A
T
A

H
4
Y
C
A

I
I

a
Y
C
A

I
I

b
4
5
6
6
0
7
5
7
6
5
7
0
C
D
Y
a
C
D
Y
b
4
4
2
4
3
8
5
3
1
5
7
8
3
9
5
-
S
1
a
3
9
5
-
S
1
b
5
9
0
5
3
7
6
4
1
4
7
2
4
0
6
-
S
1
5
1
1
4
2
5
4
1
3
-
a
4
1
3
-
b
5
5
7
5
9
4
4
3
6
4
9
0
5
3
4
4
5
0
4
4
4
4
8
1
5
2
0
4
4
6
6
1
7
5
6
8
4
8
7
5
7
2
6
4
0
4
9
2
5
6
5
132314111114121212131329159101111241519291515171911111923151518173839131211915168101081010122323161012121681222201412111311111412
Male